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配置

Install the following modules to get all the features of the Belgian localization, following the IFRS rules.

名称	技术名称	说明
Belgium - Accounting	l10n_be	Default fiscal localization package.
Belgium - Accounting Reports	l10n_be_reports	Access to specific accounting reports for Belgium.
Belgium - Accounting Reports (post wizard)	l10n_be_reports_post_wizard	Enables the VAT wizard when posting a tax return journal entry.
Belgium - Import Bank CODA Statements	l10n_be_coda	Import CODA bank statements.
Belgium - Import SODA files	l10n_be_soda	Import SODA files.
Belgium - Disallowed Expenses Data	l10n_be_disallowed_expenses	Access to the use of disallowed expenses features.
Belgium - Payroll	l10n_be_hr_payroll	Access to the basic payroll features for Belgium.
Belgium - Payroll with Accounting	l10n_be_hr_payroll_account	Integration of accounting data with payroll.
Belgium - Payroll - Dimona	l10n_be_hr_payroll_dimona	Access to Dimona features for payroll.
Belgium - Payroll - Fleet	l10n_be_hr_payroll_fleet	Fleet features for payroll.
Salary Configurator (Belgium)	l10n_be_hr_contract_salary	Access to the salary configurator feature.

会计科目表

You can reach the Chart of accounts by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts.

The Belgian chart of accounts includes pre-configured accounts as described in the PCMN. To add a new account, click New. A new line appears. Fill it in, click Save, and then Setup to configure it further.

参见

会计科目表

税率

Default Belgian taxes are created automatically when the Belgium - Accounting and the Belgium - Accounting Reports modules are installed. Each tax impacts the Belgian Tax Report, available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Statements Reports: Tax Report.

In Belgium, the standard VAT rate is 21%, but there are lower rates for some categories of goods and services. An intermediate rate of 12% is applied on social housing and food served in restaurants, while a reduced rate of 6% applies to most basic goods, such as food, water supply, books, and medicine. A 0% rate applies to some exceptional goods and services, such as some daily and weekly publications, as well as recycled goods.

Non-deductible taxes

In Belgium, some taxes are not fully deductible, such as taxes on the maintenance of cars. This means a part of these taxes is considered as an expense.

In Odoo, you can configure non-deductible taxes by creating tax rules for these taxes and linking them to the corresponding accounts. This way, the system automatically calculates the taxes and allocates them to the appropriate accounts.

To configure a new non-deductible tax, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Taxes, and click New:

1. Add a line and select Base in the Based On column;

2. Add a line, then select on tax in the Based on column and enter the non-deductible percentage in the % column;

3. On the of tax line, select the Tax Grid(s) related to your tax;

4. Add a line with the deductible percentage in the % column;

5. Set of tax in Based On;

6. Select 411000 VAT recoverable as account, and select the related tax grid.

Once you have created a non-deductible tax, you can apply it to your transactions by selecting the appropriate tax during the encoding of bills and credit notes. The system automatically calculates the tax amount and allocates it to the corresponding accounts based on the tax rules configured.

Example

With the Belgian localization, the 21% car tax is created by default (50% non-deductible).

参见

• Taxes

• 退税（增值税申报）

财务报表

Here is the list of Belgian-specific reports available:

• Balance sheet;

• Profit & loss;

• Tax report;

• Partner VAT Listing;

• EC Sales List;

• Intrastat.

You can access Belgian-specific versions of reports by clicking on the book icon when on a report and selecting its Belgian version: (BE).

参见

财务报表

无法报销费用报表

Disallowed expenses are expenses that can be deducted from your accounting result but not from your fiscal result.

The disallowed expenses report is available by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses. It allows financial results in real-time, and periodic changes. This report is generated based on the disallowed expenses categories that you can reach by going to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Management: Disallowed Expenses Categories. Some categories already exist by default but do not have any rates. Click on Set Rates to update a specific category.

小技巧

• You can add multiple rates for various dates. In that case, the rate used to calculate the expense depends on the date at which it is calculated, and the rate set for that date.

• If you have the Fleet app installed, tick the Car Category box when applicable. This makes the vehicle mandatory while booking a vendor bill.

To link a disallowed expenses category with a specific account, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Acounting: Chart of Accounts. Find the account you want, and click on Setup. Add the Disallowed Expense category in the Disallowed Expenses field. From now, when an expense is created with this account, the disallowed expense is calculated based on the rate mentioned in the Disallowed Expense category.

Let’s take an example reflecting restaurant and car expenses.

Restaurant expenses

In Belgium, 31% of restaurant expenses are non-deductible. Create a new disallowed expenses category and set both Related Account(s) and Current Rate.

Car expenses: vehicle split

In Belgium, the deductible percentage varies from car to car and, therefore, should be indicated for each vehicle. To do so, open Fleet and select a vehicle. In the Tax info tab, go to the Disallowed Expenses Rate section and click on Add a line. Add a Start Date and a %. The amounts go in the same account for all car expenses.

When you create a bill for car expenses, you can link each expense to a specific car by filling the Vehicle column, so the right percentage is applied.

The vehicle split option available in the disallowed expenses report allows you to see the rate and disallowed amount for each car.

Fee form 281.50 and form 325

Fee form 281.50

Annually, a 281.50 fee form must be reported to the fiscal authorities. To do so, the tag 281.50 must be added on the contact form of the entities concerned by the 281.50 fee. To add the tag, open Contacts, select the person or company you want to create a 281.50 fee form for, and add the 281.50 tag in the Tags field.

注解

Make sure the street, zip code, country, and VAT number are also informed on the Contact form.

Then, depending on the nature of the expense, add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impact accounts. To do so, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Accounting: Chart of Accounts, and click on Setup to add the corresponding 281.50 tag on the impacted accounts, i.e., 281.50 - Commissions, depending on the nature of the expense.

Form 325

You can create a 325 form by going to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Create 325 form. A new page pops up: select the right options and click Generate 325 form. To open an already generated 325 form, go to Accounting ‣ Reporting ‣ Belgium: Open 325 forms.

CODA and SODA statements

CODA

CODA is an electronic XML format used to import Belgian bank statements. You can download CODA files from your bank and import them directly into Odoo by clicking Import Statement from your Bank journal on your dashboard.

注解

The Belgium - Import Bank CODA Statements module is installed by default when the Belgium - Accounting and the Belgium - Accounting Reports modules are installed.

参见

Import bank statements files

SODA

SODA is an electronic XML format used to import accounting entries related to salaries. SODA files can be imported into the journal you use to record salaries by going to your Accounting dashboard and clicking Upload in the related journal card form.

Once your SODA files are imported, the entries are created automatically in your ‘salary’ journal.

电子开票

Odoo supports the E-FFF and Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 (UBL) electronic invoicing formats. To enable them, go to Accounting ‣ Configuration ‣ Journals ‣ Customer Invoices ‣ Advanced Settings ‣ Electronic Invoicing, and tick E-FFF (BE) and Peppol BIS Billing 3.0.

参见

电子开票（EDI）

Cash discount

In Belgium, if an early payment discount is offered on an invoice, the tax is calculated based on the discounted total amount, whether the customer benefits from the discount or not.

To apply the right tax amount and report it correctly in your VAT return, set the tax reduction as Always (upon invoice).

参见

现金折扣与税收减免

Fiscal certification: POS restaurant

In Belgium, the owner of a cooking business such as a restaurant or food truck is required by law to use a government-certified Cash Register System for their receipts. This applies if their yearly earnings (excluding VAT, drinks, and take-away food) exceed 25,000 euros.

This government-certified system entails the use of a certified POS system, along with a device called a Fiscal Data Module (or black box) and a VAT Signing Card.

重要

Do not forget to register as foodservice industry manager on the Federal Public Service Finance registration form.

Certified POS system

The Odoo POS system is certified for the major versions of databases hosted on Odoo Online and Odoo.sh. Please refer to the following table to ensure that your POS system is certified.

	Odoo云端版本	Odoo.sh	本地部署
Odoo 16.0	Review in progress	Review in progress	Not certified
Odoo 15.2	Not certified	Not certified	Not certified
Odoo 15.0	具有证明的	具有证明的	Not certified
Odoo 14.0	具有证明的	具有证明的	Not certified

参见

支持的版本

A certified POS system must adhere to rigorous government regulations, which means it operates differently from a non-certified POS.

• On a certified POS, you cannot:

  • Set up and use the global discounts feature (the pos_discount module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

  • Set up and use the loyalty programs feature (the pos_loyalty module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

  • Reprint receipts (the pos_reprint module is blacklisted and cannot be activated).

  • Modify prices in order lines.

  • Modify or delete order lines in POS orders.

  • Sell products without a valid VAT number.

  • Use a POS that is not connected to an IoT box.

• The cash rounding feature must be activated and set to a Rounding Precision of 0,05 and a Rounding Method set as Half-Up.

• Taxes must be set as included in the price. To set it up, go to Point of Sale ‣ Configuration ‣ Settings, and from the Accounting section, open the Default Sales Tax form by clicking the arrow next to the default sales tax field. There, click Advanced Options and enable Included in Price.

• At the start of a POS session, users must click Work in to clock in. Doing so allows the registration of POS orders. If users are not clocked in, they cannot make POS orders. Likewise, they must click Work Out to clock out at the end of the session.

警告

If you configure a POS to work with a black box, you cannot use it again without it.

The Fiscal Data Module

The FDM, or black box, is a government-certified device that works together with the Point of Sale application and saves your POS orders information. Concretely, a hash (unique code) is generated for each POS order and added to its receipt. This allows the government to verify that all revenue is declared.

注解

Ensure your black box is approved by the Belgian government. You can check the compliance of your black box by visiting the Federal Public Service Finance website.

配置

Before setting up your database to work with an FDM, ensure you have the following hardware:

• a registered black box (go to www.boîtenoire.be to order yours);

• an RS-232 serial null modem cable per FDM;

• an RS-232 serial-to-USB adapter per FDM;

• an IoT Box (one IoT box per black box); and

• a receipt printer.

Black box module

As a pre-requisite, activate the Belgian Registered Cash Register module (technical name: pos_blackbox_be).

Once the module is activated, add your VAT number to your company information. To set it up, go to Settings ‣ Companies ‣ Update Info, and fill in the VAT field. Then, enter a national registration number for every staff member who operates the POS system. To do so, go to the Employees app and open an employee form. There, go to HR settings tab ‣ Attendance/Point of Sale, and fill in the INSZ or BIS number field.

小技巧

To input your information, click on your avatar, go to My Profile ‣ Preference tab, and enter your INSZ or BIS number in the designated field.

警告

You must configure the black box directly in the production database. Utilizing it in a testing environment may result in incorrect data being stored within the black box.

IoT 盒子

In order to use a Fiscal Data Module, you need a registered IoT Box. To register your IoT box, you must contact us through our support contact form and provide the following information:

• your VAT number;

• your company’s name, address, and legal structure; and

• the Mac address of your IoT Box.

Once your IoT box is certified, connect it to your database. To verify that the IoT Box recognizes the FDM, go to the IoT homepage and scroll down the IOT Device section, which should display the FDM.

Then, add the IoT to your POS. To do so, go to Point of Sale ‣ Configuration ‣ Point of Sale, select your POS, scroll down to the Connected Device section, and enable IoT Box. Lastly, add the FMD in the Fiscal Data Module field.

注解

To be able to use an FDM, you must at least connect one Receipt Printer.

VAT signing card

When you open a POS session and make your initial transaction, you are prompted to enter the PIN provided with your VSC. The card is delivered by the FPS upon registration.